Annals of Behavioural Science

Description

Bulimia Nervosa (BN) sufferers frequently advocate risky behaviors like substance abuse and self-harm. However, there haven't been any studies on BN that have looked at the factors that are associated with engaging in risky behaviors on their own or with others. This study sought to investigate how personality may distinguish between BN individuals engaging in risky behaviors. Given that BN patients frequently have personality psychopathology, which has been linked to illness symptoms and course, Through highlighting the role that visual ambiguity plays in drawing upon a testee's distinctive pattern of meaning-making, a review of projective personality measures is elicited. The Rorschach Inkblot Method, Thematic Apperception Test, sentence completion, and figure drawing tasks are all explained, with an emphasis on how they can be used in a number of different types of testing. A test subject's ability to maintain coherence under stress is challenged in different ways by each measure's ambiguity. The nature of these various tasks and behaviors outside of the testing environment are then linked using heuristics.

Personality Disorders

Personality Disorders (PDs) are increasingly being described using the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality, which is derived from psychology of personality traits. However, critics have argued that the FFM's personality traits do not adequately represent the entire spectrum of personality psychopathology. For the purpose of predicting PD symptom counts, the personality domains of the Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5), an alternative model created specifically to assess pathological traits, were contrasted with the domain traits of the FFM. In a sample of 138 psychiatric patients, the revised NEO personality inventory and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) were used to assess the personality traits from both dimensional models. Both instruments significantly predicted each of the ten PD symptoms and contributed an average of 10% more variance than the other instrument predicted. The NEO PI-R domain scales outperformed the MMPI-2 PSY-5 scales in the prediction of borderline, avoidant, and dependent PD symptom counts, it is necessary to adopt a developmental perspective that is guided by the fundamental principles of developmental science and developmental psychopathology. Hierarchical models of individual differences can be used to define personality and psychopathology, as demonstrated by decades of convergent evidence from community and psychiatric samples, countries, cultures, ages, and developmental stages. Additionally, numerous empirical studies demonstrate connections between personality and a variety of psychopathologies. The results of cross-sectional studies of the relationships between personality and psychopathology in adult samples are currently declining. To determine their temporal order, capture dynamic associations over time and development, and elucidate causal origins and underlying mechanisms, prospective, longitudinal studies that assess personality, psychopathology, and their co-development across the lifespan are required. To better comprehend and direct future research into the nature of the links between personality and psychopathology, we establish a developmental framework that integrates the developmental, personality, and psychopathology literatures. A sample of 327 young adult suicide attempters, single attempters, and multiple attempters was used to investigate the connection between childhood diagnosis, personality psychopathology, and suicidal behavior.

174 of the total sample were diagnosed with a childhood condition; a comparison group was provided by the 153 individuals without a diagnosis. The findings suggest that having an anxiety disorder or major depression as a child increases a person's risk of personality psychopathology and making multiple attempts at suicide in the future. It was discovered that gender played a significant role, with females being more likely to make multiple attempts as young adults, but only because of anxiety in childhood rather than major depression. Additionally, personality psychopathology was found to be a factor in childhood anxiety disorders' predisposition to multiple attempts, with male and female individuals following distinct paths. In terms of etiology, prevention, and treatment, implications are discussed. A sample of 327 young adult suicide attempters, single attempters, and multiple attempters was used to investigate the connection between childhood diagnosis, personality psychopathology, and suicidal behavior. 174 of the total sample were diagnosed with a childhood condition; A comparison group was provided by the 153 individuals without a diagnosis. The findings suggest that having an anxiety disorder or major depression as a child increases a person's risk of personality psychopathology and making multiple attempts at suicide in the future. It was discovered that gender played a significant role, with females being more likely to make multiple attempts as young adults, but only because of anxiety in childhood rather than major depression. Additionally, personality psychopathology was found to be a factor in childhood anxiety disorders' predisposition to multiple attempts, with male and female individuals following distinct paths.

Psychopathology

In terms of etiology, prevention, and treatment, implications are discussed. Predisposing factors for Fibro Myalgia (FM) may include personality traits and psychopathology. However, it has been suggested that FM patients exhibit psychological heterogeneity. We intend to investigate psychological heterogeneity in FM patients based on two personality psychopathology clusters, specifically to determine whether personality features had additional psychological and psychopathological correlates. Second, we want to find out if personality traits are linked to health-related correlates. Female FM patients (n = 56) aged 30 to 60 were the participants. The tools included: Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS-11) content and supplementary scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2). Except for the Disconstraint scale, the associations between personality variables and FM impact and self-reported pain are null. In conclusion, patients with FM may be very different psychologically in terms of personality and psychopathological characteristics that may make their treatment difficult. It does not appear that personality and health-related dimensions are related. This study uses parental and child ratings of parenting as a moderator of the personality-psychopathology association to examine child and adolescent psychopathology from a maladaptive trait perspective.

A combined sample of referred and unreferred children and adolescents (N=862, parent ratings of parenting, and N=396, child ratings of parenting) were subjected to hierarchical moderated regression analyses. Positive main effects of parental negative control on externalizing problems were found, as were positive main effects of maladaptive traits on internalizing and externalizing issues. Disagreeableness and emotional instability and parental negative control and positive parenting were found to have significant interactions in explaining externalizing issues. The contribution of these findings to a better understanding of the trait-psychopathology relationship at a young age is the focus of the discussion. The relationships between various affective-cognitive vulnerabilities to psychopathology, the relationships between vulnerabilities and dispositional traits, and the role of vulnerabilities as a mediator between dispositional traits and psychopathological symptoms were the focus of the current study. In Study 1 (total N=274), self-report questionnaires were given to two independent samples; in Study 2 (total N=100), a longitudinal experience-sampling method was used. College students comprised all samples. A 2-factor model that represented general vulnerability to internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, respectively, was supported by the findings, which suggested that affective-cognitive vulnerabilities displayed a pattern of inter correlations. When the Five-Factor Model's trait structure was mapped onto the vulnerabilities, both unique and common features emerged. The most significant affective-cognitive vulnerabilities were found to be proximal-specific mechanisms that mediated between various psychopathological symptoms and distal-broad dispositional vulnerabilities like neuroticism. Our findings lend credence to a personality-psychopathology relationship model that makes use of social-cognitive and dispositional trait theories in conjunction with one another.